Making the Diagnosis
If IgA nephropathy is suspected, the doctor takes a thorough patient history, paying attention to any past infections or kidney problems. The doctor will do a physical exam, checking blood pressure and looking for some of the physical symptoms of kidney failure.
Urine and blood tests will be ordered. The urine is checked for elements that shouldn't be there, such as protein or red blood cells, while blood tests show if there's a buildup of body wastes in the bloodstream.
A definite diagnosis can only be made by a kidney biopsy. A biopsy is done by inserting a fine needle into the kidney using ultrasound as a guide and taking a tiny tissue sample that is then checked for protein deposits using a microscope.
Rarely, doctors may decide that an open biopsy is necessary. This procedure is performed by a surgeon. An incision is made that allows the surgeon to view the kidney and any abnormalities.